Solar panel | Solar array are components that convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. They are an green and sustainable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to produce heat, generally used for hot water production or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, notable attractions, and vibrant urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of rolling hills, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that blend heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the organic light emitted by the star, essential for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a form of power generated by the movement of charged particles, primarily electrons. It fuels countless systems and infrastructures, supporting contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into current to power various electronic devices. It includes several galvanic cells, each containing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an green power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC suitable for home use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and guaranteeing secure, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, generally used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It ensures optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to measure the dimension, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that harness sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They supply a sustainable and sustainable energy power, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess energy generated from renewable energy or the grid for later use, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to deliver backup power, lower energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels tracks the advancement and innovations in solar power tech from the beginning finding of the solar effect to modern high-performance solar panels. It highlights significant milestones, including the invention of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have significantly improved power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic scientist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States inventor who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work established the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous R&D entity historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar panels. It is a tough, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, primarily used as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a compact unit installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system effectiveness, allows for improved system tracking, and improves energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a green and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a elementary particle that represents a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It has a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This event is the basic foundation behind solar panel systems, allowing the harnessing of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power refers to the velocity at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and green energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a standard of power in the International System of Units, representing the speed of energy flow or transformation. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the work per individual charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the derived unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the metric system. It measures the voltage per charge unit between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electricity through a metal wire, commonly measured in amps. It is crucial for supplying electronic equipment and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp is the standard of electrical current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and size of power systems to guarantee secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for recharging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a device that converts DC from inputs like batteries or solar panels into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the operation of standard electrical devices in environments where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the angle of photovoltaic panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, maximizing solar energy capture. This system boosts the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by maintaining ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to maximize the power generation of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the operating point to correspond to the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology provides the best performance energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, offering valuable data on power output and system condition. It aids optimize solar energy output by detecting issues early and securing highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many small silicon crystals, frequently used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and restructuring silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a uniform crystal arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its uniform structure allows for better electron transfer, resulting in higher efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a category of thin-film solar technology that offers a cost-effective and high-performance option for extensive solar energy production. They are their great absorption capability and relatively affordable manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that utilize a composite compound of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their great absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and capability for portable, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than structured silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its affordability and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize multiple p-n connections stacked together to collect a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space applications and advanced solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that convert sunlight into electricity to operate onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ focusing elements or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, delivering a cost-effective option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological uses. These layers are vital in electronic systems, optics, and coverings for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of substance ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in various industries, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate devices used to exactly measure small distances or thicknesses, generally in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a fine, round slice of silicon crystal used as the substrate for fabricating semiconductor devices. It serves as the basic material in the creation of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar modules known for their superior output and adaptability, perfect for diverse applications. They utilize a layered layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight straight into power with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into energy using solar panels, offering a green energy source for home, business, and grid applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that utilize organic materials, to transform sun's energy into electricity. They are lightweight, pliable, and enable more affordable, extensive solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic substance used in thin-film solar cells due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves applying a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures glazing to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations overview various large-scale solar energy plants around the world, highlighting their power and positions. These facilities play a vital role in green energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive installations that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in clean energy production, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the chief fuels for electricity generation and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process generally happens in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as lead, Hg, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how efficiently a solar panel generates sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This growth is revolutionizing the international energy scene by increasing the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that bends light to focus or separate rays, forming images. It is often used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and improve light transmission. It boosts the sharpness and illumination of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their wave heights negate each other, leading to a diminution or full disappearance of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon usually happens when the waves are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, enabling effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a small device used to transform DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system performance by enhancing energy production at the module level and eases setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage and electric current cyclically reverse direction, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical plug used to supply DC energy from a energy source to an device. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that guarantee a reliable and trustworthy connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a worldwide protection validation agency that evaluates and endorses products to guarantee they comply with particular safety requirements. It assists consumers and firms find trustworthy and protected products through rigorous review and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the same current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to flow in a single direction exclusively, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12V, created to deliver electrical energy for different devices and accessories within a automobile. It permits users to recharge electronic electronics or operate small electronics when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripherals to computing systems, enabling data transmission and power delivery. It supports a variety of hardware such as input devices, pointer devices, external drives, and mobile phones, with various versions offering faster speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy generation and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic waves, ranging from wireless signals to high-energy photons, all possessing different lengths and energies. This range is crucial to many technologies and the natural world, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the sun. It plays a crucial role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on alterations of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to calculate the strength of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a specific area, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the spread and transfer of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of various hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is often used to describe the spread of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air with fairly consistent temperature and humidity characteristics, originating from particular starting areas. These air masses influence weather patterns and sky states as they travel over diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the type of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar power refers to the buildup of debris, and foreign matter on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their output. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary to limit energy decrease and maintain maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak ability to produce electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to determine the potential difference between two points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic element crucial for plant development and employed in multiple industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical properties that make it useful in manufacturing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of using land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of several solar panels arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to generate renewable, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that provides shade and cover from the elements for exterior areas. It enhances the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a courtyard, making it a cozy area for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an surveyor to a destination. It is commonly used in wayfinding, mapping, and astronomy to define the bearing of an object relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy implementation and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of power equal to one billion watts, used to assess big electricity production and consumption. It is commonly associated with electricity stations, national grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar PV power solutions, specializing in making thin film-based solar panels that deliver excellent efficiency and economical power generation. The organization is committed to green energy development and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in smoothly linking various components of industrial and automated systems to boost efficiency and dependability. It focuses on building cutting-edge solutions that facilitate seamless communication and cooperation among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese firm focused on producing and developing solar photovoltaic goods and services. Famous for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion watts, often employed to represent the ability of large-scale power generation or usage. It highlights the immense power magnitude involved in modern energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost drops as cumulative output rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This effect highlights the value of stored knowledge in reducing costs and boosting output in production and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a clean, renewable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that renewable energy technologies are cost-effectively competitive with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a system of power lines, delivering a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is essential for securing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It is a sustainable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, commercial, and manufacturing environments to produce renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered items features a variety of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include ranging from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, offering multi-purpose options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a plant that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses plus reflectors to focus solar radiation onto high-performance solar cells, considerably boosting energy capture using a compact footprint. This method is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |